{"id":2944,"date":"2026-05-11T11:09:45","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T09:09:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahassan.inscastellbisbal.net\/?page_id=2944"},"modified":"2026-05-15T09:49:41","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T07:49:41","slug":"%f0%9f%94%b4-identificacio-de-periferics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ahassan.inscastellbisbal.net\/?page_id=2944","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udd34 – Identificaci\u00f3 de perif\u00e8rics"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Manual PRO+ \u2014 Identificaci\u00f3 de perif\u00e8rics a Linux<\/h1>\n\n

\u00cdndex<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  • Introducci\u00f3<\/li>\n
  • Objectius del manual<\/li>\n
  • Arquitectura del sistema Linux i detecci\u00f3 de perif\u00e8rics<\/li>\n
  • Comandes principals<\/li>\n
  • Monitoritzaci\u00f3 en directe<\/li>\n
  • Comparaci\u00f3 entre situacions normals i an\u00f2males<\/li>\n
  • Scripts d\u2019automatitzaci\u00f3<\/li>\n
  • Evid\u00e8ncies recomanades<\/li>\n
  • Conclusions<\/li>\n
  • Bibliografia i recursos<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n
    \n\n

    Introducci\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n

    \n Aquest manual explica les principals comandes de Linux necess\u00e0ries per identificar perif\u00e8rics connectats a un equip.\n L\u2019objectiu \u00e9s entendre com Linux detecta maquinari, quines eines permeten consultar-lo i com diagnosticar problemes\n quan un dispositiu no \u00e9s reconegut correctament.\n <\/p>\n\n

    \n Aquest document est\u00e0 orientat a assolir un nivell PRO+<\/strong>, incloent:\n <\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • Explicaci\u00f3 t\u00e8cnica de cada comanda.<\/li>\n
    • Relaci\u00f3 amb les capes internes del sistema Linux.<\/li>\n
    • Exemples reals.<\/li>\n
    • Comparaci\u00f3 entre comportaments normals i an\u00f2mals.<\/li>\n
    • Monitoritzaci\u00f3 en temps real.<\/li>\n
    • Scripts per automatitzar comprovacions.<\/li>\n
    • Recomanacions per documentar evid\u00e8ncies.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n
      \n\n

      Comandes principals<\/h2>\n\n

      1. lsusb \u2014 Dispositius USB<\/h3>\n\n
      \nlsusb\n <\/div>\n\n
      \nBus 002 Device 003: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc.\nBus 001 Device 004: ID 0781:5567 SanDisk Corp.\n <\/div>\n\n

      2. lspci \u2014 Dispositius PCI<\/h3>\n\n
      \nlspci\n <\/div>\n\n
      \n00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics\n00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation USB 3.1 xHCI Controller\n <\/div>\n\n

      3. lsblk \u2014 Dispositius de bloc<\/h3>\n\n
      \nlsblk\n <\/div>\n\n
      \nsda 476.9G\nsdb 14.9G\n <\/div>\n\n

      4. lpinfo \u2014 Impressores<\/h3>\n\n
      \nlpinfo -v\n <\/div>\n\n
      \ndirect usb:\/\/HP\/DeskJet_2700\n <\/div>\n\n

      5. lsmod \u2014 M\u00f2duls del kernel<\/h3>\n\n
      \nlsmod | grep usb\n <\/div>\n\n
      \nusb_storage 77824 1\n <\/div>\n\n

      6. dmesg \u2014 Missatges del kernel<\/h3>\n\n
      \nsudo dmesg -w\n <\/div>\n\n
      \nusb 1-2: new high-speed USB device\n <\/div>\n\n

      7. journalctl \u2014 Registres del sistema<\/h3>\n\n
      \njournalctl -f\n <\/div>\n\n

      8. udevadm \u2014 Gesti\u00f3 udev<\/h3>\n\n
      \nudevadm monitor\n <\/div>\n\n
      \n\n

      Monitoritzaci\u00f3 en directe<\/h2>\n\n

      \n Observar en temps real qu\u00e8 passa quan connectem o desconnectem perif\u00e8rics.\n <\/p>\n\n

      \nsudo dmesg -w\njournalctl -f\nudevadm monitor\n <\/div>\n\n
      \n\n

      Comparaci\u00f3 entre situacions normals i an\u00f2males<\/h2>\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n
      Situaci\u00f3<\/th>\n Resultat normal<\/th>\n Resultat an\u00f2mal<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n\n
      Pendrive USB<\/td>\n Apareix a lsusb i lsblk<\/td>\n Nom\u00e9s apareix a lsusb<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
      WiFi PCI<\/td>\n Driver carregat<\/td>\n Driver absent<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
      Impressora<\/td>\n Detectada<\/td>\n No apareix<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n <\/table>\n\n
      \n\n

      Scripts d\u2019automatitzaci\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n
      \n#!\/bin\/bash\n\necho “===== USB =====”\nlsusb\n\necho\n\necho “===== PCI =====”\nlspci\n\necho\n\necho “===== BLOCS =====”\nlsblk\n <\/div>\n\n
      \n\n

      Evid\u00e8ncies recomanades<\/h2>\n\n
        \n
      • Captures de lsusb funcionant.<\/li>\n
      • Captures de lspci amb drivers.<\/li>\n
      • Monitoritzaci\u00f3 amb dmesg -w.<\/li>\n
      • V\u00eddeos connectant perif\u00e8rics.<\/li>\n
      • Scripts executant-se.<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n
        \n\n

        Conclusions<\/h2>\n\n

        \n Linux ofereix eines molt potents per identificar i diagnosticar perif\u00e8rics.\n La combinaci\u00f3 de lsusb, lspci, lsblk, dmesg i journalctl permet\n monitoritzar maquinari i detectar problemes de manera professional.\n <\/p>\n\n

        \n\n

        Checklist<\/h2>\n\n
          \n
        • \u2705 USB<\/li>\n
        • \u2705 PCI<\/li>\n
        • \u2705 Drivers<\/li>\n
        • \u2705 Logs<\/li>\n
        • \u2705 Scripts<\/li>\n
        • \u2705 Monitoritzaci\u00f3<\/li>\n
        • \u2705 Evid\u00e8ncies<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n